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p irf3  (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)


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    Structured Review

    Cell Signaling Technology Inc p irf3
    Schematic illustration of the ROS-responsive on-demand mild photothermal cascade platform for tendon rejuvenation in Achilles tendinopathy. The platform strategically modulates the <t>mitochondrial-cGAS-STING-IRF3/NF-κB</t> signaling axis and induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression to attenuate oxidative stress and cellular senescence within tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Consequently, it promotes tenogenic differentiation while abrogating aberrant osteogenic/chondrogenic lineage commitment. This cascade effect ultimately mitigates heterotopic ossification, enhances structural tendon regeneration, restores biomechanical function, and alleviates pain. Nanoparticle nomenclature: LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs denote nanoparticles encapsulating LA or TPA-TCNQ individually; LT-NPs refers to the composite formulation consisting of a mixture of LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs; and LT-NPs-NIR represents the LT-NPs mixture following 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to activate the photothermal response and controlled payload release.
    P Irf3, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 96/100, based on 633 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/anti+p+irf+3/Phospho-IRF-3+(Ser396)+Rabbit+mAb/pmc12813888-103-34-36
    Average 96 stars, based on 633 article reviews
    p irf3 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09
    96/100 stars

    Images

    1) Product Images from "On-demand mild photothermal cascade platform reprogramming mitochondrial immunity for tendon rejuvenation"

    Article Title: On-demand mild photothermal cascade platform reprogramming mitochondrial immunity for tendon rejuvenation

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.004

    Schematic illustration of the ROS-responsive on-demand mild photothermal cascade platform for tendon rejuvenation in Achilles tendinopathy. The platform strategically modulates the mitochondrial-cGAS-STING-IRF3/NF-κB signaling axis and induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression to attenuate oxidative stress and cellular senescence within tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Consequently, it promotes tenogenic differentiation while abrogating aberrant osteogenic/chondrogenic lineage commitment. This cascade effect ultimately mitigates heterotopic ossification, enhances structural tendon regeneration, restores biomechanical function, and alleviates pain. Nanoparticle nomenclature: LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs denote nanoparticles encapsulating LA or TPA-TCNQ individually; LT-NPs refers to the composite formulation consisting of a mixture of LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs; and LT-NPs-NIR represents the LT-NPs mixture following 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to activate the photothermal response and controlled payload release.
    Figure Legend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the ROS-responsive on-demand mild photothermal cascade platform for tendon rejuvenation in Achilles tendinopathy. The platform strategically modulates the mitochondrial-cGAS-STING-IRF3/NF-κB signaling axis and induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression to attenuate oxidative stress and cellular senescence within tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Consequently, it promotes tenogenic differentiation while abrogating aberrant osteogenic/chondrogenic lineage commitment. This cascade effect ultimately mitigates heterotopic ossification, enhances structural tendon regeneration, restores biomechanical function, and alleviates pain. Nanoparticle nomenclature: LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs denote nanoparticles encapsulating LA or TPA-TCNQ individually; LT-NPs refers to the composite formulation consisting of a mixture of LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs; and LT-NPs-NIR represents the LT-NPs mixture following 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to activate the photothermal response and controlled payload release.

    Techniques Used: Expressing, Formulation, Irradiation

    LT-NPs-NIR regulate the mtDNA-STING-IRF3/NF-κB pathway in macrophages. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of transcriptomic data from RAW 264.7 cells under different treatments. (B) Volcano plots comparing H 2 O 2 vs. Control (left) and LT-NPs-NIR vs. H 2 O 2 (right). (C) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with hierarchical clustering. (D, E) Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for H 2 O 2 vs. Control (D) and LT-NPs-NIR vs. H 2 O 2 (E). (F) Multi-SIM imaging showing mtDNA (magenta) and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOMM20 (green), with quantification of their colocalization. (G) Western blot analysis of key proteins in the cGAS-STING-NF-κB axis. Scale bar: 5 μm (F). Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: LT-NPs-NIR regulate the mtDNA-STING-IRF3/NF-κB pathway in macrophages. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of transcriptomic data from RAW 264.7 cells under different treatments. (B) Volcano plots comparing H 2 O 2 vs. Control (left) and LT-NPs-NIR vs. H 2 O 2 (right). (C) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with hierarchical clustering. (D, E) Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for H 2 O 2 vs. Control (D) and LT-NPs-NIR vs. H 2 O 2 (E). (F) Multi-SIM imaging showing mtDNA (magenta) and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOMM20 (green), with quantification of their colocalization. (G) Western blot analysis of key proteins in the cGAS-STING-NF-κB axis. Scale bar: 5 μm (F). Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: Control, Imaging, Membrane, Western Blot

    LT-NPs-NIR attenuate oxidative stress, preserve mitochondrial integrity, and suppress senescence in TSPCs by inhibiting the mtDNA-STING-NF-κB axis. (A) Schematic of the experimental design. (B) TSPC proliferation assessed by CCK-8 assay. (C, E) Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of HSP70 (n = 3). (D, F) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) visualized by JC-1 staining (red: high potential; green: low potential) and quantification. (G) Multi-SIM of mtDNA (magenta) and TOMM20 (green) with colocalization analysis. (H) Western blot of cGAS-STING-IRF3-NF-κB pathway proteins. (I, K) Colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay and quantification of self-renewal capacity (n = 3). (J) Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. (L, M) Apoptosis analysis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and quantification (n = 3). Scale bars: 100 μm (C); 5 μm (D, G); 200 μm (J). Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.
    Figure Legend Snippet: LT-NPs-NIR attenuate oxidative stress, preserve mitochondrial integrity, and suppress senescence in TSPCs by inhibiting the mtDNA-STING-NF-κB axis. (A) Schematic of the experimental design. (B) TSPC proliferation assessed by CCK-8 assay. (C, E) Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of HSP70 (n = 3). (D, F) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) visualized by JC-1 staining (red: high potential; green: low potential) and quantification. (G) Multi-SIM of mtDNA (magenta) and TOMM20 (green) with colocalization analysis. (H) Western blot of cGAS-STING-IRF3-NF-κB pathway proteins. (I, K) Colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay and quantification of self-renewal capacity (n = 3). (J) Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. (L, M) Apoptosis analysis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and quantification (n = 3). Scale bars: 100 μm (C); 5 μm (D, G); 200 μm (J). Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Techniques Used: CCK-8 Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Membrane, Western Blot, Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry

    Related Articles

    Western Blot:

    Article Title: Carnosic Acid Activates the STING/IRF3 Pathway to Induce Nitric Oxide-Mediated Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells.
    Article Snippet: Transient transfections were performed using LipofectamineTM 3000 reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; Cat# L3000008) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. For Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, primary antibodies included antiSTING (CST, Danvers, MA, USA; Cat# 13647), anti-TBK1 (CST, Cat# 3504), anti-p-TBK1 (Ser172, CST, Cat# 5483), anti-IRF-3 (CST, Cat# 11904), anti-p-IRF-3 (Ser396, CST, Cat# 4947), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (CST, Cat# 9664), anti-PARP (CST, Cat# 9542), anti-Bax (CST, Cat# 5023), anti-Bcl-2 (CST, Cat# 3498), anti-Bak (CST, Cat# 12105), anti-Bcl-xL (CST, Cat# 2764), https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15030374 and anti-α-Tubulin (CST, Cat# 2148). .. Alexa Fluor 488- or 594-conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were used for immunofluorescence.

    Article Title: Carnosic Acid Activates the STING/IRF3 Pathway to Induce Nitric Oxide-Mediated Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells
    Article Snippet: Transient transfections were performed using LipofectamineTM 3000 reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; Cat# L3000008) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. For Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, primary antibodies included anti-STING (CST, Danvers, MA, USA; Cat# 13647), anti-TBK1 (CST, Cat# 3504), anti-p-TBK1 (Ser172, CST, Cat# 5483), anti-IRF-3 (CST, Cat# 11904), anti-p-IRF-3 (Ser396, CST, Cat# 4947), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (CST, Cat# 9664), anti-PARP (CST, Cat# 9542), anti-Bax (CST, Cat# 5023), anti-Bcl-2 (CST, Cat# 3498), anti-Bak (CST, Cat# 12105), anti-Bcl-xL (CST, Cat# 2764), and anti-α-Tubulin (CST, Cat# 2148). .. Alexa Fluor 488- or 594-conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were used for immunofluorescence.

    Immunohistochemistry:

    Article Title: Carnosic Acid Activates the STING/IRF3 Pathway to Induce Nitric Oxide-Mediated Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells.
    Article Snippet: Transient transfections were performed using LipofectamineTM 3000 reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; Cat# L3000008) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. For Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, primary antibodies included antiSTING (CST, Danvers, MA, USA; Cat# 13647), anti-TBK1 (CST, Cat# 3504), anti-p-TBK1 (Ser172, CST, Cat# 5483), anti-IRF-3 (CST, Cat# 11904), anti-p-IRF-3 (Ser396, CST, Cat# 4947), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (CST, Cat# 9664), anti-PARP (CST, Cat# 9542), anti-Bax (CST, Cat# 5023), anti-Bcl-2 (CST, Cat# 3498), anti-Bak (CST, Cat# 12105), anti-Bcl-xL (CST, Cat# 2764), https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15030374 and anti-α-Tubulin (CST, Cat# 2148). .. Alexa Fluor 488- or 594-conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were used for immunofluorescence.

    Article Title: Carnosic Acid Activates the STING/IRF3 Pathway to Induce Nitric Oxide-Mediated Apoptosis in Osteosarcoma Cells
    Article Snippet: Transient transfections were performed using LipofectamineTM 3000 reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA; Cat# L3000008) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. .. For Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, primary antibodies included anti-STING (CST, Danvers, MA, USA; Cat# 13647), anti-TBK1 (CST, Cat# 3504), anti-p-TBK1 (Ser172, CST, Cat# 5483), anti-IRF-3 (CST, Cat# 11904), anti-p-IRF-3 (Ser396, CST, Cat# 4947), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (CST, Cat# 9664), anti-PARP (CST, Cat# 9542), anti-Bax (CST, Cat# 5023), anti-Bcl-2 (CST, Cat# 3498), anti-Bak (CST, Cat# 12105), anti-Bcl-xL (CST, Cat# 2764), and anti-α-Tubulin (CST, Cat# 2148). .. Alexa Fluor 488- or 594-conjugated secondary antibodies (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) were used for immunofluorescence.

    other:

    Article Title: VGLL3 activates inflammatory responses by inducing interleukin‐1α secretion
    Article Snippet: © 2021 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Yuki Takakura and Naoto Hori contributed equally to this work.. Abbreviations: Amp, amplicon; BAFF, B cellactivating factor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; CXCL, CXC motif chemokine ligand; ELISA, enzymelinked immunosorbent assay; IKK, inhibitor of κB kinase; IL, interleukin; IL1R1, interleukin 1 receptor type 1; IRF, interferon regulatory factor; IκB, inhibitor of κB; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; MAPK, mitogenactivated protein kinase; MTT, 3[4,5dimethylthiazol2yl]2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; NFκB, nuclear factor κB; qPCR, quantitative realtime PCR; TAK1, TGFβactivated kinase; TEAD, TEAdomain transcription factor; TetR, the tetracycline repressor; TGFβ, transforming growth factorβ; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UTR, untranslated region; VGLL, vestigiallike family member.. 1Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan 2Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan



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    Schematic illustration of the ROS-responsive on-demand mild photothermal cascade platform for tendon rejuvenation in Achilles tendinopathy. The platform strategically modulates the mitochondrial-cGAS-STING-IRF3/NF-κB signaling axis and induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression to attenuate oxidative stress and cellular senescence within tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Consequently, it promotes tenogenic differentiation while abrogating aberrant osteogenic/chondrogenic lineage commitment. This cascade effect ultimately mitigates heterotopic ossification, enhances structural tendon regeneration, restores biomechanical function, and alleviates pain. Nanoparticle nomenclature: LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs denote nanoparticles encapsulating LA or TPA-TCNQ individually; LT-NPs refers to the composite formulation consisting of a mixture of LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs; and LT-NPs-NIR represents the LT-NPs mixture following 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to activate the photothermal response and controlled payload release.

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: On-demand mild photothermal cascade platform reprogramming mitochondrial immunity for tendon rejuvenation

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.004

    Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustration of the ROS-responsive on-demand mild photothermal cascade platform for tendon rejuvenation in Achilles tendinopathy. The platform strategically modulates the mitochondrial-cGAS-STING-IRF3/NF-κB signaling axis and induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression to attenuate oxidative stress and cellular senescence within tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSPCs). Consequently, it promotes tenogenic differentiation while abrogating aberrant osteogenic/chondrogenic lineage commitment. This cascade effect ultimately mitigates heterotopic ossification, enhances structural tendon regeneration, restores biomechanical function, and alleviates pain. Nanoparticle nomenclature: LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs denote nanoparticles encapsulating LA or TPA-TCNQ individually; LT-NPs refers to the composite formulation consisting of a mixture of LA-NPs and TPA-TCNQ-NPs; and LT-NPs-NIR represents the LT-NPs mixture following 808 nm near-infrared (NIR) irradiation to activate the photothermal response and controlled payload release.

    Article Snippet: After blocking for 1 h, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against STING (13647, CST, USA; A21051, Abclonal, China), p-STING (72971, CST, USA; AF7416, Affinity, China), IRF3 (ab68481, Abcam, UK), p-IRF3 (29047, CST, USA), P65 (A22331, Abclonal, China; 8242, CST, USA), p-P65 (AP0124, Abclonal, China), P53 (10442-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), SOX9 (sc-166505, Santa Cruz, USA), BMP-2 (ab284387, abcam, USA), OCN (sc-390877, Santa Cruz, USA), and iNOS (ab178945, Abcam, USA).

    Techniques: Expressing, Formulation, Irradiation

    LT-NPs-NIR regulate the mtDNA-STING-IRF3/NF-κB pathway in macrophages. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of transcriptomic data from RAW 264.7 cells under different treatments. (B) Volcano plots comparing H 2 O 2 vs. Control (left) and LT-NPs-NIR vs. H 2 O 2 (right). (C) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with hierarchical clustering. (D, E) Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for H 2 O 2 vs. Control (D) and LT-NPs-NIR vs. H 2 O 2 (E). (F) Multi-SIM imaging showing mtDNA (magenta) and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOMM20 (green), with quantification of their colocalization. (G) Western blot analysis of key proteins in the cGAS-STING-NF-κB axis. Scale bar: 5 μm (F). Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: On-demand mild photothermal cascade platform reprogramming mitochondrial immunity for tendon rejuvenation

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.004

    Figure Lengend Snippet: LT-NPs-NIR regulate the mtDNA-STING-IRF3/NF-κB pathway in macrophages. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) of transcriptomic data from RAW 264.7 cells under different treatments. (B) Volcano plots comparing H 2 O 2 vs. Control (left) and LT-NPs-NIR vs. H 2 O 2 (right). (C) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with hierarchical clustering. (D, E) Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) for H 2 O 2 vs. Control (D) and LT-NPs-NIR vs. H 2 O 2 (E). (F) Multi-SIM imaging showing mtDNA (magenta) and the mitochondrial outer membrane protein TOMM20 (green), with quantification of their colocalization. (G) Western blot analysis of key proteins in the cGAS-STING-NF-κB axis. Scale bar: 5 μm (F). Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: After blocking for 1 h, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against STING (13647, CST, USA; A21051, Abclonal, China), p-STING (72971, CST, USA; AF7416, Affinity, China), IRF3 (ab68481, Abcam, UK), p-IRF3 (29047, CST, USA), P65 (A22331, Abclonal, China; 8242, CST, USA), p-P65 (AP0124, Abclonal, China), P53 (10442-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), SOX9 (sc-166505, Santa Cruz, USA), BMP-2 (ab284387, abcam, USA), OCN (sc-390877, Santa Cruz, USA), and iNOS (ab178945, Abcam, USA).

    Techniques: Control, Imaging, Membrane, Western Blot

    LT-NPs-NIR attenuate oxidative stress, preserve mitochondrial integrity, and suppress senescence in TSPCs by inhibiting the mtDNA-STING-NF-κB axis. (A) Schematic of the experimental design. (B) TSPC proliferation assessed by CCK-8 assay. (C, E) Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of HSP70 (n = 3). (D, F) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) visualized by JC-1 staining (red: high potential; green: low potential) and quantification. (G) Multi-SIM of mtDNA (magenta) and TOMM20 (green) with colocalization analysis. (H) Western blot of cGAS-STING-IRF3-NF-κB pathway proteins. (I, K) Colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay and quantification of self-renewal capacity (n = 3). (J) Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. (L, M) Apoptosis analysis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and quantification (n = 3). Scale bars: 100 μm (C); 5 μm (D, G); 200 μm (J). Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Journal: Bioactive Materials

    Article Title: On-demand mild photothermal cascade platform reprogramming mitochondrial immunity for tendon rejuvenation

    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2026.01.004

    Figure Lengend Snippet: LT-NPs-NIR attenuate oxidative stress, preserve mitochondrial integrity, and suppress senescence in TSPCs by inhibiting the mtDNA-STING-NF-κB axis. (A) Schematic of the experimental design. (B) TSPC proliferation assessed by CCK-8 assay. (C, E) Immunofluorescence staining and quantification of HSP70 (n = 3). (D, F) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) visualized by JC-1 staining (red: high potential; green: low potential) and quantification. (G) Multi-SIM of mtDNA (magenta) and TOMM20 (green) with colocalization analysis. (H) Western blot of cGAS-STING-IRF3-NF-κB pathway proteins. (I, K) Colony-forming unit fibroblast (CFU-F) assay and quantification of self-renewal capacity (n = 3). (J) Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. (L, M) Apoptosis analysis by Annexin V/PI flow cytometry and quantification (n = 3). Scale bars: 100 μm (C); 5 μm (D, G); 200 μm (J). Significance: ns, not significant; ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

    Article Snippet: After blocking for 1 h, membranes were incubated overnight at 4 °C with primary antibodies against STING (13647, CST, USA; A21051, Abclonal, China), p-STING (72971, CST, USA; AF7416, Affinity, China), IRF3 (ab68481, Abcam, UK), p-IRF3 (29047, CST, USA), P65 (A22331, Abclonal, China; 8242, CST, USA), p-P65 (AP0124, Abclonal, China), P53 (10442-1-AP, Proteintech, USA), SOX9 (sc-166505, Santa Cruz, USA), BMP-2 (ab284387, abcam, USA), OCN (sc-390877, Santa Cruz, USA), and iNOS (ab178945, Abcam, USA).

    Techniques: CCK-8 Assay, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Membrane, Western Blot, Activity Assay, Flow Cytometry